View source for Tutorials:CAS Creation From Start-To-Finish - Texturing

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==Texturing==
Now here comes the part that separates the mice from the men, and the okay creators from the awesome ones! No matter how detailed and intricate your mesh is, if your texture is lackluster, then your whole project is a bust.

Throughout this part of the guide, you will encounter various textures that need to be edited. I suggest you read through this '''[[Sims 3:DXT Compression Types|List of Texture Types]]''' to get a feel for what each of them do.
[[File:Daltut-needtoalteralpha2.jpg|200px|left]]
At this time, open up CTU again. Go to '''File -> Open''' and navigate to the package you just created. If you had saved it right, when your package loads you should see *Custom next to the mesh field, and the Mesh Name as whatever you named your mesh.

To get the 3D preview of your mesh to load, simply click on the Designs tab. You'll most likely be greeted with something like this when it first loads. Because of the adjustments we made to the mesh and UV map, part of our mesh will be missing textures. But this is easily fixed with the ''alpha channel'' of our base texture. Which is why that is naturally our next step in the creation process.<br clear="all">

===Setting the Alpha===
Under the texture tab, we want to double click on the Base Texture key value. When the preview window pops up, click export on the bottom right. Give this texture a good name, and save it with your working files. '''This is the texture for your entire project'''.

Open up the file in your paint program. I'm using Photoshop's nVidia plugin, so it's just as simple as going to '''File -> Open''' to get the image into Photoshop. If you are using a different program, the import process might be slightly different.

{{CheatDetail
|desc=If prompted, click load default sizes and '''do not''' generate MIPmaps. MIPmaps are essentially increasingly smaller versions of your texture that the game caches in order to more quickly render your object at different distances. When we get ready to save our final texture, our paint program will automatically generate these for us.}}

====Cover Me Up!====
[[File:Daltut-photoshop-channeltab.jpg|right|450px]]In your paint program, make the channels visible for editing. In Photoshop, you simply click on the channels tab and select the alpha channel at the bottom. 

The alpha channel of our DDS texture controls the visibility of the texture on our mesh. The parts that are black denote areas that are without texture. Generally, these areas are where skin is supposed to show. 

It is vice versa for white areas; they block out the areas where our texture will show up. Since the bottom of our shirt mesh is lacking texture, we will have to pull down the bottom of our alpha channel a bit.

It's really as easy as it sounds, simply fuzzy select (with the marquee tool) the bottom of the alpha channel and move it down a few notches with the arrow key. Be sure to go back and fill in any gaps created by moving the bottom down.

To test and see if we pulled our alpha down enough, we can save our changes and preview them in CTU.
[[File:Daltut-exportdxt5.jpg|left]]
Go to '''File -> Save''' and select DDS from the file types list. You may be presented with a long list of compression types. With base textures, we want to save them as DXT5 (interpolated alpha). Once you select this compression, hit okay.

In CTU, right click on the Base Texture key and replace the image it with your new texture. Press commit at the bottom of the window, and you should see your textures reload on the 3D model. 

If you nailed it the first time, the stomach of the mesh should be covered. If not, play around with this step until it is. However, be careful not to pull the bottom of the alpha down too far because you might have '''issues with overlapping''' textures later.

I also want to change up the collar of the shirt to something a little more girly. So, I'm going to alter that part of the alpha a bit.

====Setting Transparency====
[[File:Daltut-trasnapceny.jpg|350px|left]]You are not limited to just solid chunks of black and white on your alpha, you can also '''add transparency to your clothing'''. I'm not going to incorporate this element into the design of my shirt, but I can show you how it is done.

Shades of grey between RGB values 151/151/151 - 149/149/149 will add a translucent affect to the texture. That is, the darker the grey the more transparent, and vice versa. Notice how the large square of grey on the alpha channel creates a transparent splotch on my shirt. In game, whatever skin (default or non-default) you have set for the sim will show underneath.

Keep in mind that '''making something transparent does not mean that the mesh is transparent'''. What is meant by that is, you can't take a meshed on sleeve and make it transparent. The sleeve will still be meshed on, and you will be left with a 3D sleeve covered with skin. 

Of course, if you're working with alpha meshes then you would handle those differently. But, there is only one of those out there for TS3 and it's rarely used.

{{CheatDetail
|desc=151/151/151 is more opaque whereas 149/149/149 is the most transparent.}}
<br clear="all">

===Base Texturing===
[[File:Daltut-beforergb.jpg|300px|right]]This step is really up to you and how you wish to texture your mesh. To add details to your texture, you simply hide your alpha channel and work on the combined RGB channel. For a more in depth look at base texturing, read '''[[Sims 3:Creating A New Base Texture| Creating A New Base Texture]]'''. Unfortunately, there is no one guide to truly tell you how to texture, you just have to sort of learn on your own.

Never fear though, here is a list of some "tool box tutorials" that can be used to guide you. These tutorial relate to clothing, but are specific techniques, tools, and tips helpful to beginners and more experienced skinners alike, for trying something specific. Some of these tutorials may be written for Sims 2; however the same techniques can be used in Sims 3. 

'''This is just a small sample of the tutorials available for creators'''. The Sims 3 fansite [http://mysims3blog.blogspot.com/ My Sims 3 Blog] has a nice list of tutorials on their left sidebar.

* [[Tutorials:Fabric Folds in Photoshop|Creating fabric folds in Photoshop]]
* [[Tutorials:How to Add Shadows and Highlights|How to add shadows and highlights]]
* [http://www.modthesims.info/showthread.php?t=424820 Texturing With the Smudge Tool]

After a little fiddling in Photoshop, this is what I've come up with so far. Notice I have my cleaned Hello Kitty image on the shirt, and that it has been ''desaturated of color''.

{{CheatDetail
|desc=As a word to the wise, keep each element of your texture as a '''different layer'''. For example, the collar hem of the shirt is on it's own channel in Photoshop, as well as the Hello Kitty image. Having everything separated will make it much easier to quickly tweak parts of the texture without affecting others. It'll also make mask and overly/stencil creations much less painless. 

You should also '''save all of your work as an editable .psd file''' (if using Photoshop), or the equivalent save file format for Gimp or Paint.NET. Saving your progress in these "workable" formats preserves your layers, possible opacity changes and sometimes edit histories even after you close the file.}}

===Overlays===
The next step is to set up my overlay. ''But, wait! What's the difference between these and stencils?'' 
====Stencils vs. Overlays====
The CTU has the capacity to use both stencils and overlays. Both of these CAS files create a '''non-recolorable design''' on your clothing. Stencils conform to the alpha of the base texture, whereas overlays don't. This means, that you can add a necklace over a shirt with an overlay, but not with a stencil.

You'll find that creators use stencils for designs that need to easily be mix-n-matched. For example, [http://www.modthesims.info/download.php?t=359061 Soccer Jerseys], that require multiple decals, are a good candidate for stencils because you can create a "stencil pool" for easy application combinations.

Even though they serve a purpose, stencils are hardly ever used; ''overlays are really the way to go''. I'm going to make some of the elements of Hello Kitty into an overlay, but if you are interested in how to make stencils, read '''[[Sims 3:Creating Custom Clothing Stencils| this tutorial]]'''.
====Show me how!====
First and foremost, '''save your progress'''! We are about to make changes to the alpha channel of our base texture, so it may be best to go ahead and Save As a copy of your .psd file (or however your working file is currently saved). 

[[File:Daltut-overlay-alpha.jpg|150px|left]]After you have saved your files, delete the current alpha channel on the shirt. Once again, be sure that you have saved your previous progress somewhere before.

Return to the layer containing Hello Kitty and '''delete any parts of her that will not be part of the overlay'''. Since we only want the black outline of Hello Kitty and her nose as the overlay, I'm going to remove her face coloring and the insides of the bow. This is most easily done with the Magic Wand (fuzzy select tool). Set the tolerance (threshold) between 20 - 50, and turn Anti-Aliasing on as well as Contiguous.

When done, hold down the '''CTRL''' key and then click on the layer containing the outline. You should see a fuzzy marquee around the outline. Next go to channels tab and create a new alpha channel. Make sure that your fill color is set to '''pure white''', and then hit '''ALT + Delete'''. This should fill in the selection with white.

If all goes right, then your alpha channel should look like the one to the left.

Go back and fill in the color of Hello Kitty and export this as a new DDS file in '''DXT3 or DXT5''' compression. Give it a good name, such as shirtoverlay.dds for easy retrieval. 

Import your new overlay into CTU and check out your progress!
===Mask===
Next up is creating the RGB Mask for the shirt. Our goal is to have the shirt recolor, along with Hello Kitty's bow and the sleeve/collar trim. ''But, what is a mask?'' A RGB mask is what maps out what pieces of the CAS item recolor together, and also in some cases, how they recolor (transparency/overlapping).[[File:Daltut-mask.jpg|300px|right]]
====How do I make one?====
In order to preserve my poor fingers - and because I've already written this tutorial - I'm going to direct you to '''[[Sims 3:Basic Mask Editing|Basic Mask Editing]]''' to explain how to create your mask. You can use the techniques presented there to create your mask. Also, using the "cut out" method demonstrated with creating the overlay, creating your mask should take a few seconds tops.
====RYMA vs. RGBA====  
The tutorial that was linked to uses '''Red, Yellow and Magenta''' (plus the alpha channel if needed) to create the mask. However, '''you may also use pure Red, Green and Blue''' to map out your channels as well.

RYMA layouts are best left for most clothing because the channels will overlap, insuring full coverage of the texture. However, if you are creating something that has separate definitive parts (like a full body outfit with pants and a shirt) or a small object or detail, the RGBA layout is a little better.

I have personally found that '''using pure RGBA to create masks preserves the texture better''' when in game. The texture tends to be less blurry, and there is a lot less bleeding in game. Test out both ways to decide which one you like best.
====Saving Your Mask====
As stated in the linked tutorial, be sure to export your mask as a DDS in '''DXT1''' compression. If you did not use the alpha channel (4th channel) then select the DXT1 compression with no alpha. If prompted to discard changes on the alpha, just select okay.

If after you import your mask into CTU you see some parts of the texture is white, go to the Patterns tab and enable the missing channels.
===Creating A Proper Specular===
The last and final part to texturing is creating the specular texture. If you read the list of texture types at the beginning of this stage, you'd know that speculars control how light is reflected off the CAS part. Although this can be created throughout the creation process, it is '''best left for last''' because you can create it from adjusting the base texture. ''What you want to avoid is importing your base texture as your specular.'' Yes, your highlights will be in the proper place, but the item will be way too shiny in game!

[[File:Daltut-specular.jpg|center]]

To make a proper specular texture, simply open up your base texture DDS file (not your .psd). Go to '''Image -> Adjustments -> Brightness/Contrast''' and adjust the brightness and contrast until you get a nice dark image, with good deep light grey highlights. 

This method will generally always work, but you may have to adjust individual elements using the Magic Wand or Lasso Tool.

Like with the mask, export the specular as a DDS in '''DXT1''' (no alpha) texture.
===Part Mask (optional)===
The part mask defines the general "location" of the CAS part, and are usually the same for every part of its type. That is, all shirts most likely share the same part mask. Part masks are mostly used by the game to determine which CAS part goes on top of another.  If you made '''drastic edits''' of your CAS part, like made knee high boots or took a short skirt and made it long, then you should worry about the part mask.

The easiest - most straight forward - way to fix a part mask is to snag it from another CAS part of a similar type and import it to your package. You can also '''copy its TGI key''' and link it to your package (more on this later).

A good rule of thumb is to test the items behavior in game to determine if the part mask needs to be changed.
===Creating Bumpmaps (optional)===
I'll be honest, I'm not the best bumpmap maker because I never use them myself. However a fellow creator, '''[http://www.modthesims.info/member.php?u=499665 Elexis]''' from MTS, has contributed an excellent tutorial on making normal maps (another word for bumpmap). 

: [[Image:RightArrow.gif]] '''[[Tutorials:Creating_Bumpmaps_(Normal_Maps)_for_TS3| Creating Bump Maps for TS3]]'''

After you have completed your bumpmap, '''do not re-import it into CTU'''. Just leave it in your working folder, we'll pick back up on that later.

===Linking Textures (optional)===
I know I've been mentioning over and over again about '''linking textures''', but haven't really explained why or how. I mostly use texture linking when I want to use an already preexisting EA texture in a package. For example, the universal blank overlay texture that EA uses in some of its clothing. Another good use of texture linking is for age conversions like with my [http://www.modthesims.info/download.php?t=448159 Basic Briefs for Elders] upload. The elder panties pull all of its texture directly from the adult panty textures from within the game.

Texture linking '''saves LOADS of file size, and lag''' caused from loading redundant textures.

I'm going to demonstrate linking texture in a separate tutorial. Not because it's hard, but because it's not necessary if you're a beginner and I don't want to create information overload.

If interested in learning about texture linking, read '''[[Tutorials:Linking_Textures_in_CTU| Linking Textures]]'''.

==Texturing, done!==
[[File:Daltut-finishedtecture.jpg|center]]
After a little more tweaking I did as I was writing this tutorial, this is what my finished product is. I made the preset all pretty by adjusting the patterns colors under the pattern tab.

Before we move on, hit the commit button one last time for good measure! '''Do not save your package in CTU yet''', we're not ''quite'' done, yet.
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